Manila Cathedral in Intramuros: The Mother Church of the Philippines
Officially known as the Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and Metropolitan Cathedral of Manila, the Manila Cathedral was the seat of the first independent diocese and archdiocese in the Philippines.
IMAGE from Intramuros Administration
Located in the historic Plaza de Roma in Intramuros, Manila, it traces its origins to 1571 when it was first erected as a parish church by Fray Juan de Vivero under the Archbishopric of Mexico. Elevated to cathedral status in 1579, it has held an important role in Filipino religious and cultural life ever since.
Over the centuries, the cathedral has been rebuilt eight times, owing to earthquake damage, fires, and wartime destruction. Its current Neo-Romanesque incarnation was constructed between 1954 and 1958, designed by Filipino architect Fernando H. Ocampo, and consecrated in December 1958. With a Latin-cross plan spanning nearly 3,000 sqm, the structure preserves the traditional layout of its historic predecessors.
Inside, the cathedral is nothing short of breathtaking. The floors and altars are made from Carrara marble imported from Italy. Its 134 stained glass windows were designed by Filipino artist Galo Ocampo in 1964, and Italian sculptures of saints grace the nave’s columns and coffered ceilings. A highlight worth noting: the exquisite two-meter statue of the Immaculate Conception, which was carved by Italian sculptor Vincenzo Assenza, presides over the high altar.
IMAGE from Intramuros Administration
A series of major restorations most recently between 2012 and 2014 ensured its structures met modern safety standards through earthquake retrofitting and foundation stabilization. It reopened in April 2014, which unveiled new lighting, audiovisual systems, and even CCTV for better security. In December 2018, Manila Cathedral celebrated its 60th anniversary post-war reconstruction.
IMAGES from Intramuros Administration
Aside from its stunning architecture, the cathedral resonates with spiritual significance and national history. It has hosted papal visits from Popes Paul VI, John Paul II, and Francis, earning its status as a minor basilica by Pope John Paul II in 1981 via motu proprio. Its crypt houses former Archbishops of Manila and even former presidents: Emilio Aguinaldo, Carlos Garcia, and Corazon Aquino, all of whom lay in state under its dome. Every December, the annual Intramuros Grand Marian Procession begins ceremoniously at its facade, celebrating the feast of the Immaculate Conception.
General Information
